Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Dian Ahmad Hapidin

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Nebulizers are commonly used device for generating aerosols. In medical fields, the medical-grade nebulizers are used as drug delivery via inhalation. This involves the aerosolization of drugs in solution or suspension forms. In aerosol research field, commonly laboratory-grade nebulizers have a slightly different design to those of medical nebulizers as they optimize the aerosol generation stability and production rate with less deposition. This paper will discuss the utilization of medical grade nebulizer to generate aerosol from various solutions and suspension, which are usually used in aerosol research, i.e. NaCl, gliserin, dioctyl sebacate (DOS), and polystyrene latex (PSL). The size distribution of the aerosol was measured using scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). We found that the concentration of NaCl and gliserin solutions directly affected the geometrical mean diameter (GMD) and geometrical standard deviation (GSD) of the generated aerosol. The test using PSL particles depicted that the medical nebulizer had a relatively high aerosol deposition, which increased the suspension concentration over time.

Keywords
Aerosol, Nebulizer, Monodisperse, Polystyrene latex

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/crpUgq3mwYuJ

Corresponding Author
Rachman Shaf

Institutions
a). Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
b). Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Pure water flux holds an important key in determining the quality of a certain filter. The flux can be measured by pumping a number of volume fluid through some filter membrane over time. By using automation electrical control system, high accuracy sensor and over time sampling data, the error that occurred in manual data sampling will reduced, so the flux that occurred will be more accurate. This paper explains how the automation system using a controllable air regulator pressure pump with high precision pressure sensor, and high accuracy digital balance and the data received displayed in the Graphical User Interface (GUI) to get the flux of a filter membrane. The calibration process of the hardware that involves in this measurement gave good result with minimum or the lowest value of linear regression constanta is 1 for the bit digital balance number and mass number and 0.9998 for duty cycle read of the digital pressure and measured sensor calibrate pressure sensor. Also the accuracy number of the digital balance got by comparing the digital balance and calibrate scale, the highest number of error is 0.35% while the minimum value of mass number that could be recorded reached 0.003 gram. And for the flux measurement test on different type of filter membrane also shows that the different of membrane pore size affect the value of the flux and given increment of the pressure causes the value of flux increase.

Keywords
Filtration membrane; Pure Water Flux; Water Filtration

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CaJWYHKtx7yG

Corresponding Author
Yofentina Iriani

Institutions
1Department of Physics, Postgraduade, Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan, Surakarta 57126
2Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan, Surakarta 57126

Abstract
Bismuth ferrite oxide (BiFeO3) thin film has been grown on a quartz substrate using the Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method. The deposition of BiFeO3 thin film used holding time variations (30, 45 and 60 minutes) and annealing temperature (550oC and 600oC). The results of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization showed that the increase of holding time caused intensity to be higher. This indicates that increasing intensity will increase the crystallinity and crystallite size. High annealing temperature caused crystallinity and crystallite size of the BiFeO3 thin film to increase. Characterization of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that increasing holding time would decrease the grain size with the boundary between grains look clearer, homogeneous, and low porosity. Increasing annealing temperature caused an increase of the grain size in which it is difficult to determine the grain boundaries and high porosity. The characterization of UV-VIS showed the absorbance and transmittance of the BiFeO3 thin film. The highest absorbance was obtained at 600oC/45 minutes, about 2.75. In addition, low energy gap was obtained from the variation of holding time and annealing temperature about 2.5-2.8 eV.

Keywords
BiFeO3, CSD, Holding time, band gap

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pwNb2GQ3fh8U

Corresponding Author
Yulianto Agung Rezeki

Institutions
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides produced by enzymatic degradation of starch. There are three types of cyclodextrins based on the number of glucose subunits, i.e., α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and γ-cyclodextrin, which respectively have 6, 7, and 8 glucose subunits. Among others, β-cyclodextrin has more advantages in many subjects. This paper provides the development of β-cyclodextrin particles using electrospraying method. In this study, a variation of β-cyclodextrin concentration was carried out to see the effect on the particle diameter. By varying the β-cyclodextrin concentration, the resulting particles have various sizes. The greater the β-cyclodextrin concentration, the greater the diameter of the particles produced. β-cyclodextrin particles can be used in food, pharmaceutical, drug delivery, and chemical industries. The advantage in modifying the particle diameter makes the use of β-cyclodextrin more effective.

Keywords
Cyclodextrin, Electrospraying, Particles

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jFDRhLEGfnBm

Corresponding Author
Lila Dina Wulansari

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*suminar_pratapa[at]physics.its.ac.id
(b) Laboratory of Biocomposites Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM

Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/zircon (ZrSiO4) composites with various zircon sizes have been fabricated using liquid method. The study was aimed to enhance the thermo-mechanical properties of the PEG matric around its glass temperature. The zircon powder were prepared varying the calcination temperatures, i.e. 500 ºC, 1000 ºC, and 1200 ºC and were analyzed using FTIR and XRD. The powders exhibited pure zircon, increase of particle size and decrease of lattice parameter by increasing calcination temperature. Meanwhile, the PEG/zircon composites and the pure PEG sample have been analyzed using FTIR, XRD, and DMA. Analyses of the FTIR and XRD data confirmed the successful synthesis of the composites. DMA analysis revealed the storage moduli, loss moduli, and tan delta characters from the PEG/zircon composites. The maximum storage moduli and glass transition temperature (Tg) were achieved by the 5 wt% zircon calcined at 500 ºC, while the maximum loss moduli were achieved by the 5 wt% zircon calcined at 1200 ºC.

Keywords
Dynamic-mechanical properties; PEG/zircon; Glass transition; Storage and loss moduli

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eWYZdyfmqG7U

Corresponding Author
Moch Syaiful Anwar

Institutions
1Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Gedung 470 Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
2Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Indonesia

Abstract
This paper reports effect of heat treatment process on hardness and hot corrosion resistance of Fe-25Ni-18Cr-1Mo-2W-1Nb-cast austenite stainless steel. The steels sample were prepared by a process sequence of induction melting, hot rolled, solution treatment and aging. After heat treatment process, the steel is subject to light optical microscope, hardness microvickers test and hot corrosion of melting salt test. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) and mapping of element was carried out to analysis of corrosion layer on its surface. Results show that higher hardness value was found in solution treatment of 975°C and aging for 16 h whereas higher hot corrosion resistance was found in solution treatment of 1025°C and aging 16 h.

Keywords
heat treatment, hardness, microvickers,hot corrosion, melting salt, Fe-25Ni-18Cr-2W-1Nb-cast, austenite stainless steel.

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7gwXa9NG3ZuP

Corresponding Author
Masruroh Masruroh

Institutions
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Jln. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Nitrogen plasma treatment of a polystyrene layer in a vacuum chamber resulted in changes in its hydrophobicity properties. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of chamber pressure on nitrogen plasma treatment on the hydrophobicity properties of polystyrene surfaces. The plasma character was diagnosed by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) determining the plasma parameters, i.e. electron temperature (Te) and the electron density (Ne). Boltzmann plot method, ratio, and Stark Broadening were utilized to calculate the parameters. The hydrophobicity properties of polystyrene surfaces were measured by contact angle measurements, and polar groups studied with FTIR. The plasma diagnostic results showed that higher the chamber pressure resulted in greater intensity of the emission spectrum. The spectrum exhibits the highest intensity at the wavelength of 385.715 nm, indicating the existence of NII or N2+ ion species. The increase of the chamber pressure declined the electron temperature but increased the electron density. Results of the FTIR measurements indicated the presence of the new CH3 groups that are polar groups causing the surface to change characteristic, from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.

Keywords
Diagnostic plasma, chamber pressure, Electron Temperature, Electron Density, and polar groups.

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/H9tcvBNJqYRk

Corresponding Author
Puji Syukri Ilahi

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
(b) Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Corresponding authors: *krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id, **miftah[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Rotary forcespinning was a method for fabricating fibers. Fiber was formed from the process of centrifugal force produced by high speed motors. This method has large production than other method. There are three stages of process fiber formation in rotary forcespinning: jet initiation, jet extension, and solvent evaporation. In this study the effect of solvent mixture on the fiber morphology will be examined. The polymer used in the experiment was polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the concentration of 10wt% and dissolved into the mixture of ethanol and acetone solvents. The morphology was investigate with optical microscope. The results showed that the large ratio of acetone solvents produced smaller fiber diameters and the less beaded structure.

Keywords
aceton, etanol, fiber, rotary forcespinning

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7X3NqPH2W4Ju

Corresponding Author
Abdul Rajak

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
b) Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Corresponding authors:
*krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id, **miftah[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/ Cellulose Acetate (CA) nanofiber is widely used as carrier of drug from plant extract. The composite was spun by electrospinning method. Since the presence of CA in the PVP solution, the electrospinning process was become unstabil. This paper reported the solution of this problem by control the parameter process of the electrospinning process including current, flowrate and voltage. A constant current electrospinning system was introduced for this control.

Keywords
polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, nanofiber composite, constant current electrospinning

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/h6FNZC3faLED

Corresponding Author
Eko Hadi Sujiono

Institutions
1Laboratory of Materials Physics
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia. 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
The Graphite made from coconut shell waste have been fabricated and characterized. Coconut shell waste is obtained from two different locations, first in the lowland area with sea water environment and the second area is in the highland with fresh water environment. The sample was dried by two different methods which by oven and solar thermal process. After drying process, the sample was carbonized at 600°C for 3 hours using programmable furnace. Subsequently, the sample was washed with hydroflouride (HF) to reduce the impurity content of the sample. The graphite based on coconut shell were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the phase percentage of graphite, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) to find the functional groups and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to represent the surface morphology of the graphite.

Keywords
Graphite powder, Coconut shell waste, Carbonization

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fQ7qCApVMxXW

Corresponding Author
Nihlatunnur Nihlatunnur

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111 , Indonesia
*suminar_pratapa[at]physics.its.ac.id
b) Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand

Abstract
Two LiFePO4 powders have been synthesized, i.e. using natural ironstone and commercial FeCl2•4H2O product as Fe sources, and their characteristics were compared. The x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) data, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs were used to examine the value of E0 and the oxidation number, determine the crystallite sizes, and determine their morphology, respectively. Results showed that the ironstone- and commercial-based LFP powders exhibited E0 values of 7120.2 and 7119.6 respectively which are both almost equal to FeO and indicates that they have an oxidation number of 2+ as expected. In addition, the crystallite size of the ironstone-based LFP was smaller than that of the commercial one. Moreover, the SEM images showed that the natural LFP was more homogeneous than the commercial LFP.

Keywords
LiFePO4, ironstone, commercial precursor, XANES, crystallite size, morphology.

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BLuvz6mdef8W

Corresponding Author
Merinda Lestari

Institutions
(1) Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia.

Abstract
In the present work, we report a green synthesis of CrFe3O4 nanoparticles using Cucumis sativus peel extract as natural surfactant. The coprecipitation route was explored to produce CrFe2O4 nanoparticles by varying Cucumis sativus composition. The CrFe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by means of X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of X-ray diffraction data analysis indicated that the change in the diffraction peak to the higher position was influenced by Cucumis sativus composition. All samples constructed spinel structure in a single phase without any impurity. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that the samples had particles size and morphology in the spherical nanometric size. In general, the particles size and distribution of the particles were contributed by Cucumis sativus peel extract composition as a surfactant. Results of the infra-red data analysis presented that the absorption bands for atomic bonds of O-H at the wavelength of 1379, 1614, and 3479 – 3400 cm-1. C-H bonds appeared in the range of 3000 - 3400 cm-1. Furthermore, Fe-O and Cr-O bonds appeared at the wavelength of 430 – 669 cm-1. Therefore, natural surfactant obtained the from peel extract in this work becomes a new potential candidat to produce magnetic nanoparticles in large scale production.

Keywords
Green synthesis, Fe3O4, Cucumis sativus, natural surfactant, nanoparticle

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CLw2Hyjk3JdN

Corresponding Author
Jeyashelly Andas

Institutions
a Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

Abstract
This study introduces hollow activated carbon from kapok (Ceiba pentandra) which were prepared using KOH (CB1) and K2CO3 (CB2) as the activating agents at 1:1.0 (raw kapok: KOH or K2CO3), impregnation time 15 min and activation temperature of 400°C. The iodine number, quantified by Sodium Thiosulphate volumetric titration and percentage yield of CB1 (1446.30 mg/g, 62.60%) was higher compared to CB2 (1200.23 mg/g, 53.50%) which confirmed the effectiveness of KOH as the activating agent. The raw material and prepared activated carbons were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and CHNS/O Analyzer. Absence of certain functional groups were observed for the activated carbons compared to the raw kapok, resulting from the carbonization and activation processes. CHNS/O Analyzer confirmed the increase in carbon content of CB1 (63.93%) and CB2 (62.86%) compared to the raw kapok (43.54%). Hollow tube were viewed from the SEM analysis for all the samples. CB1 and CB2 were evaluated in the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) using 0.2 wt.% catalyst, methanol to oil molar ratio of 3:1 at 60˚C for only 1 h. The percentage of biodiesel yield increased in a trend as given: without catalyst (35.46%) < CB2 (87.46%) < CB1 (89.57%). High catalysis of CB1 was presumably due to its high surface area and high carbon content compared to CB2. This study was successful as it introduces a facile and cheap conversion of waste kapok into promising catalyst for green synthesis of biodiesel.

Keywords
activated carbon, kapok, waste cooking oil, biodiesel, catalyst

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PZydkLn6vJpK

Corresponding Author
Rahmawati Munir

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
We have investigated new approach to predict mechanical properties for non-homogeneous materials. The investigation use a copy paper 100 gsm as sampling object using image tracking method and based on bending of cantilever slender beam. The copy paper 100 gsm was shaped on non-homogeneous geometris then placing it with curvature angle variations (00, 450 and 900). We snapshot the copy paper sample using digital camera to track bending coordinates at several points after divided the beam image into 16 segments. Futhermore, we calculated Modulus Young using elasticity equation for non-homogeneous beam. The results presented show that it is possible to obtain a good Modulus Young value due to approach Modulus Young value obtained by direct measurement using tensile strenght device. This method is expected to become a reference for developing Modulus Young estimation for non-homogeneous geometri materials without direct contact.

Keywords
modulus elasticity, copy paper 100 gsm, image tracking, cantilever beam

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/v6eUmyYJKdEH

Corresponding Author
Robi Kurniawan

Institutions
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
2 Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, 65145 East Java, Indonesia
3 Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore

a)Corresponding author: robi.kurniawan.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The problem of ozone depletion lies behind the importance of developing a photodetector device, which is used as a preliminary detection step against the risk of solar radiation. At present, hybrid photodetectors are a major concern because they have detection and operational advantages over conventional photodetectors. In this study, we investigated the optical properties and photoresponse of hybrid ZnO/graphene (HZG) systems, of which ZnO nanorod (ZnO NR) was used in the system. Investigations were carried out using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and solar simulators. The results of SE fittings with the effective medium approximation (EMA) method confirmed that the length of ZnO NR was 27.81 nm, 42.67 nm, and 220.46 nm respectively. We note that increasing the size of ZnO NR promotes light absorption to increase significantly. Furthermore, the relationship between light absorption and HZG photoresponse was discussed using comprehensive analysis.

Keywords
Hybrid ZnO/graphene; photodetector; optical absorption; photoresponse

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DZvpyzNT36xX

Corresponding Author
Maya Andansari

Institutions
1Departement of Physics, Faculty of Sciences
Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
*suasm[at]its.ac.id

Abstract
In this study, the composition of (1-x-y)BaTiO3-xBiFeO3-yKVO3 (x = 0.15 ; y = 0.01 and 0.025) were successfully synthesized using a calcination at 700°C for 2 hours of mixed BaTiO3, KVO3 and BiFeO3. Previously, BaTiO3 (BT), KVO3 (KV), and BiFeO3 (BFO) powders were each synthesized through oxalate coprecipitation, solid state reaction, and sol-gel self-combustion method respectively. Phase identification was carried out through X-ray diffraction match software, and further refinement analysis using Rietica software. SEM/EDX analysis was completed for the microstructure characterization, while the impedance complex analysis are used to determine its electrical properties. XRD pattern clarify the absence of the secondary phase in both compositions after calcination, however after sintering the secondary phase Ba3V2O8 was detected. Furthermore, the substitution of 1 mol% and 2.5 mol% doped KV successfully reduce the sintering temperature become ≈1050°C from generally reported 1300⁰C-1400⁰C [1].

Keywords
Barium Titanat, Dielectric, Low Temperature Sintering

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/W4zxcY23eQvw

Corresponding Author
Yofentina Iriani

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126

b) Department of Physics, Postgraduate, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126

Abstract
The effect of Lanthanum (La3+) addition on microstructure, optical and electrical properties of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) were prepared by using Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method. The addition of mole La3+ were 10% and 15% on 0,5 M solubility. Spin coater was used in deposition process of thin films with speed 4000 rpm for 30 seconds. The sandwich-structured Ba1-xLaxTiO3 thin films were grown on a quartz substrate. Thin films were annealed at 850oC with holding time of 1,5 hours. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the formation of perovskite crystal (ICDD data base PDF

Keywords
CSD, lanthanum, BaTiO3, bandgap energy

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9LAMBG4Zkcxn

Corresponding Author
Momang Yusuf

Institutions
(a)PECVD Laboratory, Physics of Electronics Materials Research Group, Physics Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, West Java, Indonesia
*toto[at]fi.itb.ac.id

(b)Physics of Materials Laboratory
Physics Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, State University of Makassar
Jl. Mallengkeri Raya, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
Nickel thin film, aimed at catalyst layer for HWC-in plasma-PECVD-growth of graphene, has been deposited on SiO2 glass by thermal evaporation method. The thickness of the as-deposited Ni films was not uniform ranging from 200 nm to 700 nm as revealed from cross sectional SEM image. To reduce the film thickness and improve the crystal quality of the films, the samples were annealed in the furnace with three different temperatures, T = 400 oC, 500 oC, and 600 oC, for three hours. SEM images of the post-treatment indicated that the film thickness decreased to about 100 – 200 nm after annealed at 500oC for 3 hours. Increasing the annealing temperature to 600oC leads the nickel atoms out of the substrate so that it leaves the substrate without nickel thin film anymore. The disappearing of the Nickel film after annealing at temperature 600oC was confirmed by EDS spectrum examination which showed that there was no nickel element in the sample. Due to the loss of nickel thin film after annealing at 600oC, we set the annealing temperature at 500oC and optimized duration of annealing. It was found that after annealing for 5 hours the thickness of thin film is about 55 nm - 85 nm with some spreaded piles on the film. The obtained thickness of thin film in tens of order magnitude is the expected result for graphene growth.

Keywords
catalyst, graphene, nickel, thin film, HWC-in plasma-PECVD

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MqxUnGtT9fmh

Corresponding Author
Upik Nurbaiti

Institutions
a) Physics Department, Universitas Negri Semarang, Jl. Raya Sekaran Gunungpati, Semarang 50221, Indonesia
*upik_nurbaiti[at]mail.unnes.ac.id
b) Physics Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

Abstract
Nano forsterite powders have been successfully synthesized via ultrasonic assistant for the starting materials and followed by solid reaction and calcination steps. The synthesis products were greenish powders with forsterite as the dominating phase as revealed by XRD data analysis. The formation of forsterite was also confirmed by FTIR spectrometry and supported by SEM images. The phase composition after calcination at 950 °C for 4h was 93.9wt% forsterite and 6.1wt% periclase. The forsterite crystal was nanometric according to the XRD data, while the density of the powder was 2.88g/cm3. UV-Vis spectrum of the powder showed relatively strong absorption peaks particularly at 635, 660, 670, 680, 695 and 705 nm which can be associated with the greenish color of the product and is different from previous studies. Therefore, it can be concluded that high purity greenish forsterite can be formed at 950 °C calcination temperature as previously reported, except that the raw materials were subjected to ultrasonic treatment.

Keywords
nano-forsterite; optical characteristics; silica sand; ultrasonic treatment

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Fajm8tVCQHbE

Corresponding Author
Eko Hadi Sujiono

Institutions
Laboratory of Materials Physics
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia

Abstract
The structure of NdFeO3 doped Yb using solid state reaction method have been investigated. In this paper, Nd1-xYbxFeO3 samples were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of Yb at x=0.01, x=0.05 and x=0.10, respectively. All samples then characterized using X-ray diffractometer to obtain their crystal structure and phase. The Rietveld refinement method that can be used in Rietica software was used to analyse lattice parameters of the samples. Result of X-ray diffraction shows the presence of Yb did not affect the crystal structure of NdFeO3. The Rietveld refinement process shows that all samples have a good refinement indicating by the value of χ2 ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 and the good visualization of graph between experimental and calculation pattern. Further analyses of lattice parameters results will be explained in this paper.

Keywords
Ytterbium, NdFeO3, Rietveld Refinement, Rietica, Structure

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8KDgBW7Zpu4r

Corresponding Author
Abdullah Malik Islam Filardli

Institutions
a) Membrane Research Center (MeR-C), Integrated Laboratory for Research and Services, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
*heru.susanto[at]che.undip.ac.id

b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia

c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia

Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) membranes were prepared by using non solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Membrane surface modification was done by grafting Polyethylene glycol (PEG) using energy from 15 kV corona discharge simultaneously. This research conducted by 2 kind of electrodes (positive and negative electrode). By variation of grafting time : 1, 3, and 5 minutes, permeability membrane with negative electrode higher than positive electrode, it was 987,64 L / m2 h bar and 237,67 L / m2 h bar respectively. The IR Spectra confirmed the presence of PEG in PP membranes and radical ions that bind PEG onto surface PP membrane. Visualization of membrane morphology demonstrated uniform structure for modified PP membrane with the pore size within the range 0.2-0.4 µm.

Keywords
Corona Discharge; NIPS; Negative; Positive; Polypropylene Membrane

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/G9Wc6KjECaLR

Corresponding Author
Dionysius Joseph Djoko Herry Santjojo

Institutions
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and
Collaborative Research Center for Advanced System and Material Technology,
Brawijaya University Indonesia

Abstract
Surface texturing of carbon based thin film such as amorphous carbon or diamond like carbon (DLC) is the key technology in the development of functional surface for many kinds of sensors. This study explored the possibilities of processing the carbon film’s surface by means of plasma oxidation to produce effective textures. A high density oxygen plasma was generated by a combination of RF and DC power in a vacuum chamber. The high density plasma was applied selectively onto the surface of a DLC film via a printed mask lithography technique. Circular dots with the diameter of 25 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm were printed on the DLC film. Oxidation reaction was expected on the exposed surface, i.e. the area surrounded the dots. The results show the oxidation effectively removed the DLC on the unmasked area producing 3D cylindrical patterns. The plasma processing which was carried out for 2 hours was monitored and diagnosed using an optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The oxidation was controlled by atomic oxygen which was the dominant species observed in the plasma. The removal (etching) rate was 9μm/h with 91%, 98% and 99% pattern accuracy related to the larger diameter studied in this work. Observations using a Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the printed mask effectively protects the DLC from the etching process and other indirect processes.

Keywords
oxygen plasma, RF-DC plasma, oxygen etching, diamond-like carbon, surface-texturing, high density plasma

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PuHQz6XLr7Wj

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Fauzi

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
b) Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, InstitutTeknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the synthesis of styrofoam/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers using electrospinning. Styrofoam was dissolved in DMF (dimethylformamide) with a concentration of 25 wt% and cellulose acetate at a concentration of 5 wt% with DMF solvent as well. Both solutions were blended and stirred until homogeneous. The precursor solution was varied by the mass ratio of styrofoam solution and cellulose acetate solution 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 20:80. The solution characteristics were the viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity measured for each precursor solution. All solutions have been spun on the same parameters. The nanofibers morphology was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The produced nanofibers have a straight, smooth, without bead morphology, and have a diameter of 500 nm to 2.5 µm. Each variation of the spinning solution produces a different diameter of the nanofiber. Addition of the content of styrofoam solution has produced a larger nanofiber diameter. The increase in fiber diameter was related to the characteristics of the viscosity solution, surface tension, and conductivity. Mixing cellulose acetate and styrofoam is expected to reduce the hydrophobicity of styrofoam. So that styrofoam nanofibers can have wider applications.

Keywords
Styrofoam; Cellulose Acetate; Nanofiber; Electrospinning

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GBz3FVk8j2nN

Corresponding Author
Sulistyowati Sulistyowati

Institutions
a) Departement of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim , Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
*suminar_pratapa[at]physics.its.ac.id
b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathemathic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Jl. A. Pangeran Pettarani, Makassar 90222 Indonesia

Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of Fe2TiO5 powders with three different Fe2O3 powders were successfully performed. The Fe2TiO5 powder was produced by solid-state mixing and calcination of natural-ironstone-derived Fe2O3 and commercial TiO2 powders. Production of Fe2O3 powder was done by the dissolution, coprecipitation, and washing (distillation) processes. In this study, the variations of the washing process were carried out by varying the time (hour) and cycles (times) to acquire the highest purity of Fe2O3 in producing Fe2TiO5. The characterization was performed using XRF, XRD, and SEM-EDX. XRF analysis data showed that the washing process has an effect on the amount of Fe2O3 content of the three powders. XRD analysis showed the success of the formation of a single phase from Fe2O3 powders. Meanwhile, the SEM analysis showed that the morphology and size distribution of the Fe2O3 powders changed with different washing processes. Visually, the Fe2O3 powders differed in color. The XRD patterns of the calcined mixtures showed the formation of a single phase only on the sample where the Fe2O3 powder was the darkest in color and exhibited highest content of Fe according to XRF data. said the study concluded that washing process in the synthesis of Fe2O3 affected the purity of Fe2TiO5 powder. Therefore, this study recommends the most reliable Fe2O3 is the black powder because it has the highest Fe content.

Keywords
Fe2O3; Fe2TiO5; distillation route; solid-state synthesis.

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/enBYhwjPUz4g

Corresponding Author
Eko Hadi Sujiono

Institutions
Laboratory of Materials Physics
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Abstract
The NdFeO3 doped Yb using solid state reaction method have succesfully been synthesized. In this paper, Nd1-xYbxFeO3samples were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of Yb at x=0.01, x=0.05 and x=0.10 using solid state reaction with two routes of heat treatment processes. Results of X-ray diffraction show that all samples have orthorombic structure with two phases: NdFeO3as major phase and Nd2O3 as minor phase. Further analysis explanation about process, structure and morphology will be explained clearly in this paper

Keywords
Ytterbium, NdFeO3, Solid State Reaction Method, Structure, Morphology

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Zwa3n47KkqyJ

Corresponding Author
Husain Ahmad

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia.
b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar, Indonesia.
c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia.
d) Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organisation), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
*suminar_pratapa[at]physics.its.ac.id

Abstract
The technical aspect of EXAFS fitting data analysis has been studied. This paper presents a comparison of the technical EXAFS data analysis using Artemis software. A set of EXAFS data from magnetite/silica core-shells was used for the benchmarking. Three approaches of analysis will be discussed in this paper namely approach A, B, and C. The analysis will only be focused on the fitting process of experimental and model data. The technical analysis of the approach A was that the selection of the photoelectron scattering path was chosen only the single scattering and all of the fitting parameters was used “guess” action. Meanwhile, approach B was similar to approach A, but k and r parameters from the Fourier transform were manually adjusted to obtain a better fitting result. The disadvantages of these two approaches are: (1) the experimental data might be formed by single and multiple scattering, (2) the action to fitting the parameters might not only “guess” because the software does not have the physical sense to the resulting values, and (3) the Fourier transform parameters should be correctly chosen before the fitting process. In the last approach, C, we demonstrated how the analysis should be performed to acquire reasonable results. The scattering path should be chosen by matching with the peak position of the experimental data. Moreover, the scattering paths might be single or multiple. Lastly, the action fitting parameters not only “guess” but can also be “edit”, “deff” etc. depending on the values and fitting results.

Keywords
EXAFS data analyses; Artemis software; EXAFS data; Scattering path; fitting parameters.

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/V4RAnDTP6FvE

Corresponding Author
Harianto Wibowo

Institutions
a) Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*dianahmadhapidin[at]gmail.com
b) Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) was categorized into PM2.5 and PM10 based on its size. Many studies have proofed that tin soldering process generates aerosol in PM2.5 and PM10 category. This solder device is familiar and usually used in home repairs, industrial production sites, and school laboratories. The paper discusses physical and chemical properties of rosin fume which was originated from solder flux heating. The physical and chemical properties of the rosin fume such as particle size, PM2.5 mass concentration, FTIR characterization, SEM and EDX characterization. The size and mass concentration characterization were evaluated using calibrated PM sensor (Honeywell, HPMA115S0-XXX). It was found that PM2.5 mass concentration may reach 650 μg/m3 at 289 °C solder temperature. Whereas, the FTIR spectra (Bruker, Alpha), SEM and EDX were used to analyze the chemical composition and the morphology of the tin wire aerosol which were previously captured by an aerosol sampler.

Keywords
Aerosol; soldering; PM2.5 mass concentration

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PtwfeJbc6MFn

Corresponding Author
okta nurwidyas amalia

Institutions
a) Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*brian[at]tf.itb.ac.id
b) Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Based on International Energy Outlook-2018, the total energy consumption of non-OECD countries is predicted to increase by almost 41% from 2010 to 2040. The use of electricity has increased more rapidly than other energy sectors, around 4.8% from 2015 to 2016. This can be solved by utilizing the potential of solar energy. Solar energy can be converted into electrical energy by solar cells. The commonly used solar cells are crystalline silicon. However, these solar cells have disadvantages in the production cost and light absorption. Therefore it is necessary to use another absorber material called Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS). The fabrication of Cu2ZnSnS4 material is carried out by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis because this method is simple, quick, and can be used for mass production. The effects of Cu concentration on structure, optical properties, electrical properties, and morphology are investigated by varying the moles of Cu by 1 mmol, 1.3 mmol, 1.6 mmol and 1.9 mmol. The X-ray diffraction characterization shows the material formed is Cu2ZnSnS4 with secondary phases in the form of ZnS, Cu2S, and SnS. The Cu2ZnSnS4 material formed is Cu-poor and Zn-rich with band gap of 1,7 eV-1,95 eV and semi-crystalline structure. The addition of Cu concentration doesn’t have a clear relationship with crystallinity, Cu content after sulfurization, band gap, and grain growth.

Keywords
Solar cell; Cu2ZnSnS4; Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis; Band gap

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jeLgc2hp6FXx

Corresponding Author
Neni Surtiyeni

Institutions
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology

Abstract
A composite board has been successfully fabricated from domestic waste. Waste consisting of a mixture of vegetables, plastic, paper and fabric was used as filler, while polyvinyl acetate was used as adhesive. The fabrication used simple methods of mixing and hot pressing. The characterization of the mechanical strength was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. To increase the strength of the composite, it was necessary to vary the size of the fiber. The addition of laminated glass fibers and repeated heating on hot presses resulted in a composite waste board with strength equivalent to albasiah wood or medium quality commercial particle board.

Keywords
Domestic waste; PVAc; Fiber size variation; Glass fiber; Repeated heating

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bEdc86WNrABG

Corresponding Author
Atikah Ardi

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Bandung
b) Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Corresponding Author : *krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id, **miftah[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has many benefits in medicine such as antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial activity, and inhibiting tumor growth. Garlic and PVP were blended to produce fiber. PVP was used to protect the properties of garlic. One of the methods to produce fiber of PVP/GE composite is using rotary forcespinning. Rotary forcespinning has been proven to increase production of polymeric nanofibers. The objective of this study was investigated the effect of a rotational speed of PVP/GE fiber toward morphology of PVP/GE fiber using a rotary forcespinning. PVP solution was synthesized by mixing 15 wt% PVP with aquades. The synthesized of PVP/GE with garlic extract in ratio of 10 : 5 (w/w). Various of rotational speed were 10,000, 11,000, 12,000, 13,000, 14,000, 15,000 and 16,000 rpm. The average diameter of PVP/GE fiber was investigated with optical microscope. It shows that the fiber diameter decrease with the increase of rotational speed. The result of fibers were smooth, no beads and uniform. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum present the functional groups of PVP/GE fiber.

Keywords
Rotary Forcespinning, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), fiber

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mhpnQCbvw9YH